BOTULISM
The Danger: Clostridium botulinum can be ingested or absorbed through open wounds. Causes neurological disease and damage.
The Dosage: 3 months, 4 months, 12 months and then annually after the first year. Pregnant mares should also be given the vaccine one month prior to expected foaling date.

ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
The Danger: Also known as EEE, WEE or VEE, this disease is carried by insects and causes neurological disease that can be fatal.
The Dosage: 3 months, 4 months, 12 months and then biannually after the first year (usually Spring or late summer). Pregnant mares should also be given the vaccine one month prior to expected foaling date.

TETANUS
The Danger: Clostridium tetani can enter the horse's body through wounds and release their toxins. Result is neurologic disease and possibly death.
The Dosage: Foals from unvaccinated mares should receive the tetanus toxoid vaccine at Day 1 (tetanus antitoxin), 1 month, 4 months, and 12 months. Foals from vaccinated mares should receive it at 3 months, 4 months and 12 months. After the first year, horses should be vaccinated annually and pregnant mares should receive the vaccine one month prior to expected foaling date.
Note: The Tetanus Toxoid vaccine mentioned above is different than the Tetanus Antitoxin. Tetanus Antitoxin should only be given to previously unvaccinated horses who have received an injury or horses who have not had their most recent vaccine for six or more months. Foals from unvaccinated mares should receive the Tetanus Antitoxin as their Day 1 portion of the schedule.

INFLUENZA
The Danger: Can cause respiratory infection. Symptoms include fever, depression, nasal discharge and/or cough.
The Dosage: Foals should be vaccinated at 3 months, 4 months, and 12 months. After the first year, horses should be vaccinated against Influenza every three months.

STRANGLES
The Danger: Steptocuccus equi can cause respiratory infection. Symptoms are similar to that of influenza and include fever, nasal discharge and abscessed lymph nodes under lower jaw.
The Dosage: Foals should be vaccinated at 3 months, 4 months, 5 months and 12 months. After the first year horses should be vacccinated once a year.

POTOMAC HORSE FEVER
The Danger: Ehrlichia risticii can cause severe diarrhea and has an extremely high rate of fatality.
The Dosage: Potomac Horse Fever has only been isolated to the eastern half of the United States. We recommend annual dosage regardless of location and vaccination every four months if located in the eastern half of the U.S. NOTE: The vaccine does not completely prevent the horse from contracting the disease, but reduces the probablity of the disease becoming fatal and decreases the symptoms of the disease.

RABIES
The Danger: Rabies causes severe neurologic disease and, if contracted, there is a 100% mortality rate.
The Dosage: Foals should be vaccinated at 3 months and 12 months. After the first year, all horses should be vaccinated once a year.

RHINOPNEUMONITIS
The Danger: There are two strains of the Equine Herpes Virus. EHV-1 causes pregnant mares to abort, neurologic disease in mature horses and respiratory disease. EHV-4 causes respiratory disease.
The Dosage: Foals should be vaccinated at 3 months, 4 months, 12 months. After the first year, all horses should be vaccinated every three months. Pregnant mares should receive the vaccine at their 5th, 7th, and 9th months of gestation.

EQUINE VIRAL ARTERITIS
The Danger: Causes respiratory disease with symptoms such as high fever, edema, leaky blood vessels and abortion in pregnant mares.
The Dosage: This vaccination is only mandatory if the horse being used for breeding. Those receiving the vaccination should receive it once a year.

WEST NILE VIRUS
The Danger: West Nile Virus is carried by infected mosquitos and is transferred to the horse's bloodstream when they are bitten. The virus then multiplies and attacks the central nervous system and causes swelling of the brain. Symptoms include incoordination, stumbling, sleepiness, droopy eyelids and lower lip, inability to stand up after laying down, circling, inability to swallow, mild fever, blindness, muscle tremors, excitability and seizures. Not all cases lead to death, but it is a possibility.
The Dosage: Foals should receive the vaccine at 3 months, 4 months and 12 months. Previously unvaccinated mature horses should receive one dose followed by a second dose three to six weeks later. Ideally, the second dose should be administered at least one month prior to prime mosquito season. After this first series, horses should receive annual boosters.